Les émissions les plus anciennes de la République romaine couvrent une période de près d’un siècle, de 326 à 225 avant notre ère. Trois systèmes monétaires coexistent : l’aes signatum — grands lingots de bronze coulé marqués de symboles —, l’aes grave — monnaies de bronze coulé en moules —, et les pièces d’argent de type grec — didrachmes, drachmes, litras — frappées pour le commerce avec la Grande-Grèce.
Ce catalogue recense 83 types monétaires répartis en 15 groupes chronologiques.
« L’aes signatum romain, avec ses lingots marqués, représente la forme la plus archaïque de monnaie institutionnalisée à Rome. »
— Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge, 1974
✦ 326 – 242 av. J.-C. · Bronze archaïque et Aes signatum
004AN – 012ANAes signatum — RRC 4 à 12
| 004AN | RRC 4/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 005AN | RRC 5/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 006AN | RRC 6/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 007AN | RRC 7/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 008AN | RRC 8/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 009AN | RRC 9/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 010AN | RRC 10/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 011AN | RRC 11/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum | |
| 012AN | RRC 12/1 | Aes signatum Aes signatum |
✦ 280 – 276 av. J.-C.
013ANDidrachme RRC 13
| 013AN | RRC 13/1 – Syd. 1 | Didrachme Didrachme |
014AN – 020ANAes grave — RRC 14
| 014AN | RRC 14/1 – Syd. 8 | Aes grave Aes grave | |
| 015AN | RRC 14/2 – Syd. 9 | Semis Semis | |
| 016AN | RRC 14/3 – Syd. 10 | Triens Triens | |
| 017AN | RRC 14/4 – Syd. 11 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 018AN | RRC 14/5 – Syd. 12 | Sextans Sextans | |
| 019AN | RRC 14/6 – Syd. 13 | Once Once | |
| 020AN | RRC 14/7 – Syd. 14 | Semuncia Semuncia |
✦ 275 – 270 av. J.-C.
021AN – 024ANDidrachmes & Doubles litras — RRC 15–16
| 021AN | RRC 15/1a – Syd. 4 | Didrachme Didrachme | |
| 022AN | RRC 15/1b – Syd. 4 | Didrachme Didrachme | |
| 023AN | RRC 16/1a – Syd. 5 | Double litra Double litra | |
| 024AN | RRC 16/1b – Syd. 5a | Double litra Double litra |
034AN – 041ANAes grave — RRC 18–19
| 034AN | RRC 18/1 – Syd. 15 | Aes grave Aes grave | |
| 035AN | RRC 18/2 – Syd. 16 | Semis Semis | |
| 036AN | RRC 18/3 – Syd. 17 | Triens Triens | |
| 037AN | RRC 18/4 – Syd. 18 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 038AN | RRC 18/5 – Syd. 19 | Sextans Sextans | |
| 039AN | RRC 18/6 – Syd. 20 | Once Once | |
| 040AN | RRC 19/1 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 041AN | RRC 19/2 – Syd. 9 | Semis Semis |
✦ 269 av. J.-C.
025AN – 033ANLitras — RRC 17
| 025AN | RRC 17/1a – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra | |
| 026AN | RRC 17/1b – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra | |
| 027AN | RRC 17/1c – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra | |
| 028AN | RRC 17/1d – Syd. 3a | Litra Litra | |
| 029AN | RRC 17/1e – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra | |
| 030AN | RRC 17/1f – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra | |
| 031AN | RRC 17/1g – Syd. 3b | Litra Litra | |
| 032AN | RRC 17/1h | Litra Litra | |
| 033AN | RRC 17/1i – Syd. 3 | Litra Litra |
✦ 269 – 266 av. J.-C.
042ANDidrachme RRC 20
| 042AN | RRC 20/1 – Syd. 6 | Didrachme Didrachme |
043AN – 049ANAes grave RRC 21
| 043AN | RRC 21/1 – Syd. 31 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 044AN | RRC 21/2 – Syd. 32 | Semis Semis | |
| 045AN | RRC 21/3 – Syd. 31 | Triens Triens | |
| 046AN | RRC 21/4 – Syd. 34 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 047AN | RRC 21/5 – Syd. 35 | Sextans Sextans | |
| 048AN | RRC 21/6 – Syd. 36 | Once Once | |
| 049AN | RRC 21/7 – Syd. 37 | Semuncia Semuncia |
✦ 265 – 242 av. J.-C.
050ANDidrachme RRC 22
| 050AN | RRC 22/1 – Syd. 21 | Didrachme Didrachme |
052AN – 058ANSérie à la roue — RRC 24
| 052AN | RRC 24/1 | Tressis Tressis | |
| 053AN | RRC 24/2 – Syd. 58 | Dupondius Dupondius | |
| 054AN | RRC 24/3 – Syd. 59 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 055AN | RRC 24/4 – Syd. 60 | Semis Semis | |
| 056AN | RRC 24/5 – Syd. 61 | Triens Triens | |
| 057AN | RRC 24/6 – Syd. 62 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 058AN | RRC 24/7 – Syd. 63a | Sextans Sextans |
✦ 241 – 235 av. J.-C.
059AN – 067ANSérie à la faucille — RRC 25
| 059AN | RRC 25/1 – Syd. 24 | Didrachme Didrachme | |
| 060AN | RRC 25/2 – Syd. 25 | Drachme Drachme | |
| 061AN | RRC 25/3 – Syd. 26 | Litra Litra | |
| 062AN | RRC 25/4 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 063AN | RRC 25/5 | Semis Semis | |
| 064AN | RRC 25/6 | Triens Triens | |
| 065AN | RRC 25/7 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 066AN | RRC 25/8 | Sextans Sextans | |
| 067AN | RRC 25/9 | Once Once |
✦ 234 – 231 av. J.-C.
068AN – 075ANÉmission RRC 26
| 068AN | RRC 26/1 – Syd. 27 | Didrachme Didrachme | |
| 069AN | RRC 26/2 – Syd. 28 | Drachme Drachme | |
| 070AN | RRC 26/3 – Syd. 29 | Litra Litra | |
| 071AN | RRC 26/4 – Syd. 30 | Demi-Litra Demi-Litra | |
| 072AN | RRC 26/5 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 073AN | RRC 26/6 – Syd. 52 | Semis Semis | |
| 074AN | RRC 26/7 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 075AN | RRC 26/8 | Sextans Sextans |
✦ 230 – 226 av. J.-C.
076AN – 085ANÉmission RRC 27
| 076AN | RRC 27/1 – Syd. 23 | Didrachme Didrachme | |
| 077AN | RRC 27/2 – Syd. 23a | Litra Litra | |
| 078AN | RRC 27/3 – Syd. 7 | Double-Litra Double-Litra | |
| 079AN | RRC 27/4 | Litra Litra | |
| 080AN | RRC 27/5 – Syd. 38 | Aes Grave Aes Grave | |
| 081AN | RRC 27/6 – Syd. 39 | Semis Semis | |
| 082AN | RRC 27/7 – Syd. 40 | Triens Triens | |
| 083AN | RRC 27/8 – Syd. 41 | Quadrans Quadrans | |
| 084AN | RRC 27/9 – Syd. 42 | Sextans Sextans | |
| 085AN | RRC 27/10 – Syd. 43 | Once Once |
📚Notes & Références
- Crawford, M.H., Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge University Press, 1974.
- Sydenham, E.A., The Coinage of the Roman Republic, Spink, Londres, 1952.
- Thurlow, B. & Vecchi, I., Italian Cast Coinage, Dorchester, 1979.
- Sear, D.R., Roman Coins and their Values, vol. I, Spink, Londres, 2000.